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Energy beam propuslion system was developed by NASA universityand
private inventors. You can use energy beam propulsion,university and NASA as search termsThe Exotic Technologies
Institute Grants for Energy Beam Propulsion System The next excellent propulsion
grants candidates are the energy beam propulsion systems. The scientific history
and technology development is a history of successful protypes in actual flight testing, strong foundations in science and
technology. The different propulsion systems required large-scale energy for thrust. The large-scale power sources for tabletop
laser systems can come new types of lasers called the tabletop lasers. The new tabletop lasers systems can use small amount
of energy then covert it to large-scale laser power. One watt of energy can be raised to one million watts. Meanwhile the
large-scale power sources for the other beam energy devices can come from cheap electric generation technology developed by
NASA and private industry. There are several types of Earth to orbit beamed
energy propulsion systems and energy beam energy spacecraft in existence.
They all work on the same general concepts. Each case a beam of energy is use within a rocket propulsion system to propel
the aforementioned spacecraft into space. Not all beam energy machines use the same types of energy beams for propulsion systems.
The near visible (VIS/IR). Government and university researchers have studied tabletop lasers and microwave beamed-energy
powered launch vehicles extensively. The basic propulsion concept uses ground
energy transmission stations or and orbital energy transmission stations. The basic propulsion concept involves generating
the laser or microwave beam at the transmission station. The ground energy transmission stations or space-based energy transmission
stations for sending the energy beam to the vehicle. The spacecraft using the energy beam to heat a propellant "working fluid"
to produce thrust. Various combinations of propellants such as air breathing, or on-board liquid or ablated solid are possible
fuels. The air breathing vehicle version is being powered by a space-based
laser system. The optical windows will be placed on the top of the vehicle. The optical windows will admit the beam to internal
mirrors. The internal mirrors which will direct the beam to various thrust chambers for vertical or horizontal flight. In
this example of air breathing vehicle laser supported "combustion" is used
to heat the propellant. The propellants for this type of vehicles can be air of planet Earth itself. A small amount of on-board
propellant is used for final orbit insertion upon exit from the atmosphere. The microwave-powered vehicles can also make use
of "indirect" thruster modes (in addition to the microwave analog of laser supported "combustion" modes by using lightweight
rectennas for beam-to-electricity power conversion. The microwave energy powered vehicle is the less expensive version of
beam energy spacecraft propulsion system.Because the laser technology for space ships are more expensive propulsion systems
than microwave technology for spacecraft propulsion systems. Relatively near-term beam power levels (ca. 1 MW) can be used
with orbit transfer vehicles because they can operate at a low thrust-to-weight (T/W) ratio. However, very high power levels
are required for launch vehicles. For comparison, a typical Earth-launch vehicle (of any kind) requires "jet" powers on the
order of 0.1 megawatt per kilogram of vehicle. Thus, beam powers on the order of billion watts will be required for even small
vehicles. The propulsion system’s energy beam requirements will even assuming ideal conversion of beam power into jet
power and zero-mass air-breathing propulsion systems. Both microwave beam energy
propulsion systems and laser energy beam propulsion systems have had working protypes being tested by scientists and engineers.
Various VIS/IR laser systems (e.g., chemical, solar-pumped, free electron laser [FEL]) have been demonstrated. Microwave power
transmission over modest Earth-to-LEO distances is somewhat more technologically mature. The
transmission of 100-kW microwave beams over distances of many kilometers and subsequent conversion of the microwave power
into electricity was demonstrated in the 1970s. Billion watt-class pulsed microwave sources have been demonstrated. The billion
watt-class steady-state power beaming systems were studied extensively as part of the NASA Solar Power Satellite (SPS) As with the Mass
Driver Catapult launch concepts, beamed energy launch systems attempt to lower launch costs by placing the complex
and massive parts of the propulsion system on the ground (or in orbit) for easy construction, supply, repair, etc. Although
there are no intrinsic technological "show stoppers" to beamed energy Earth-to-orbit propulsion, there are serious issues
associated with development and infrastructure costs. This is due to the high beam billion watt power levels will require
for launching a vehicle from the surface of the Earth. Thus a similar situation is found to that of the Mass Driver Catapult
launch concepts where a potentially very expensive infrastructure must be amortized over many launches to be attractive. One way to amortize this infrastructure that is unique to beamed-energy systems is
that they can supply many users. A beamed-energy system could be envisioned filling
a capacity like that of a terrestrial power grid. Power could be supplied to high- thruster to weight for Earth and Moon launch
vehicles, orbit-to-orbit or Earth-orbit escape low- or high-thrust to weight vehicles. Therefore energy needs of Mars bases,
asteroid bases and lunar base power needs can be fulfilled by creation of different types of energy beam propulsion systems,
energy generation systems and their energy transmitting stations .The creation of such solar system wide energy beam propulsion
system will provide energy generation on planet Earth and other locations within our star system. Thus broadening the scope
of the user base over which the infrastructure is amortized. The VIS/IR beamed-energy orbit transfer vehicles share many technologies
with their solar-thermal propulsion counterparts. The propulsion concepts will use inflatable
optics, thrusters, cryogenic H2 storage and feed systems, etcThis concepts suggests a potential technology investment
strategy starting first with demonstration of solar-thermal propulsion orbit transfer vehicles, followed next with development
of megawatt class lasers for laser-thermal orbit transfer vehicles, and concluding with development of billion watt class
laser or microwave systems for Earth-to-orbit launch vehicles. The Air Force Phillips Laboratory (AFPL) is currently conducting
a series of proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of air breathing Earth-to-orbit laser propulsion.
Because of the availability of only modest laser power levels currently 30 kW with a planned successful 1 MW demonstration
in 1998. The current program uses a lightweight 8 in. diameter vehicle. The bottom of the vehicle is shaped to reflect the
incoming pulsed laser beam into a ring-shaped focus to initiate laser "combustion" (heating) of the air. A simple guide wire
is used to control the vehicle's orientation in the laser beam. How can scientists
and engineers prove the energy generation for the high power laser beam propulsion systems? How the Exotic Technologies Institute
can provide grants for beam energy launching systems. The answer can be the usage of high power tabletop laser technology.The
tabletop laser was created with assistance of NIAC grant, and Terry Kammash at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. At the time Terry Kammash was working people at the Nuclear Engineering and Radiological
Sciences. Terry Kammash has written NIAC report for NASA under the title of Laser Accelerated Plasma For Space Propulsion.
The information has shown that tabletop laser technology even magnetic fields on the level of a black hole can be created.
The creation of such black hole like magnetic fields can help the science understand the nature of black holes. Maybe the
same laser inducted black hole magnetic fields can promote the technology
development for wormholes related propulsion systems. Recent experiments
at the University of Michigan and elsewhere have shown that ultra short pulse and ultra fast lasers could accelerate charged
particles to relativistic speeds. The pico second laser pulse with only one joule of energy or one watt can accelerate an
electron to megawatt electron volts energy in just a few microns distance. This takes place through the high gradient potential
that manifests itself in an electric field of a billion volt per cm, which in turn accelerates the electron to mega volt energy
over a distance of 10 microns. The currently achievable laser peak power of about
10e15 Watts has been utilized in the study of relativistic non-linear optics in plasmas. That is a potential laser with the
power of one quadrillion watts. Later is expected that laser power values will
be reached in the near future that will accelerate protons to energies equal to their rest mass energy. That readily means
that when such particles are ejected from a system at 0.866 the speed of light. The speed of particle ejected is 159,000 miles
per second.At that speed these particles could arrive at the Moon in less than two seconds. They will produce a specific impulse
of 26 million seconds. Current experiments have also demonstrated that a beam of Me protons containing more than 10e10 particles
has been accelerated by an electric field of 10 billion volt/cm corresponding to a laser power of about 100 TW. On the basis
of these accomplishments it is reasonable to project with little risk that with modest modifications of present day systems
including rep rates of 10-1000, accelerating 10e18 protons to 100 million volt energy will be quite achievable. If utilized
as a propulsion device such a system will produce about 0.22 Kilometers of thrust at a specific impulse of about 13 million
seconds. This will require a 15 KJ laser at a femtosecond pulse length which when incorporated in a propulsion system such
a vehicle will have a dry mass of about 3.6 metric ton based on previous laser-fusion
propulsion system design. When utilized in a constant thrust, acceleration/deceleration type of mission trajectory it is shown
that a round trip to Mars will take about 53 days, and a fly-by mission to the Oort cloud at 10,000 AU about 7.5 years. The Exotic Technologies Institute can provide grants for microwave energy beam
technology and laser beam propulsion systems at the NASA, University of Michigan, Light craft and the Laser Consortium. The
large-scale grants can be used for the creation of several the both rocket engine protypes. The small-scale grants can be
used for personnel budgets, operating costs and general budgets.
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